95% of the mainland population belongs to the Bantu which in turn consist of more than 130 communities. The population on Zanzibar is dominantly of Arab origin or a mix between Arab and African.

30% of the mainland population are Christian and 35% Muslim with the remaining population following indigenous beliefs. On Zanzibar, more than 99% of the population are Muslim.

Tanzania is one of the least urbanized countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, but traditional African ideals are being deliberately adapted to modern life. The Tanzanians are friendly people and make foreign visitors feel at home. Politeness, respect and modesty are part of their culture and are highly valued. Handshaking is very important and you may continue holding hands during conversation. Note that the right hand is usually used for eating and greeting whilst the left is traditionally used for personal issues. Immodest attire, public affection and open anger are disrespectful to the Tanzanian people.

The official language is Swahili, which is spoken by everyone. English is the primary language of commerce, administration and higher education and at most places on the tourist routes English will be spoken. Arabic is widely spoken in the coastal areas, particularly in Zanzibar.